1. Reservoir: The reservoir, also known as the hydraulic tank, stores hydraulic fluid and provides a supply for the system. It helps to dissipate heat and allows air and contaminants to separate from the fluid.

2. Hydraulic Pump: The hydraulic pump is responsible for converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by pressurizing the hydraulic fluid. Common types of hydraulic pumps include gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps.

3. Actuators:

   • Hydraulic Cylinders: Hydraulic cylinders convert hydraulic pressure into linear mechanical force or motion. They consist of a cylindrical barrel, piston, and rod, and are used in various applications such as lifting, pushing, and pulling.
   • Hydraulic Motors: Hydraulic motors convert hydraulic pressure into rotary mechanical motion. They are used to drive machinery and equipment such as conveyors, winches, and rotary actuators.

4. Control Valves: Control valves regulate the flow and direction of hydraulic fluid within the system. They include various types such as directional control valves, pressure control valves, flow control valves, and proportional valves.

5. Hydraulic Fluid: Hydraulic fluid, also known as hydraulic oil, transmits power within the hydraulic system. It provides lubrication, seals components, transfers heat, and minimizes wear and corrosion. Common hydraulic fluids include mineral oil-based fluids, synthetic fluids, and water-based fluids.

6. Filters: Hydraulic filters remove contaminants such as dirt, debris, and particles from the hydraulic fluid to maintain system cleanliness and prevent damage to components. They can include suction filters, return line filters, and pressure filters.

7. Accumulator: An accumulator stores hydraulic energy in the form of pressurized fluid, which can be released when needed to supplement pump flow or absorb pressure shocks. Accumulators help to smooth out system pressure fluctuations and provide emergency power in case of pump failure.

8. Lines, Hoses, and Fittings: Hydraulic lines, hoses, and fittings transport hydraulic fluid between components, providing a pathway for fluid flow. They are typically made of steel, stainless steel, or flexible materials such as rubber or thermoplastics.

9. Seals and O-Rings: Seals and O-rings prevent hydraulic fluid from leaking from the system and help to maintain system pressure. They are used in various locations such as cylinder pistons, valve spools, and pump shafts.

10. Pressure Gauges and Sensors: Pressure gauges and sensors monitor system pressure, temperature, flow rate, and other parameters to ensure proper operation and provide feedback for control and safety purposes.

These components work together to create a functional hydraulic system capable of performing a wide range of tasks in industries such as construction, manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation.